English Gcse Media Essay :: essays research papers

English GCSE Media Coursework 1. How does advertising reinforce gender stereotypes? Today in the late 1990’s we can not escape advertising it bombards us from all types of media and every aspect of our lives. It is a multibillion-pound industry that stereotypes genders and tells us what we could become if we use certain products. Men being portrayed as cool, tough, athletic and stylish reinforce the gender stereotypes. One advert I have studied which reinforces the male stereotype is an advertisement for ‘Old Spice, White Water’. The advertisement shows a businessman in a kyak kyacking down a white water rapid. This is stereotyping the male businessman by showing him as an adventurous and carefree person who wears ‘Old Spice, White Water’. So this campaign is obviously aimed at businessmen who see them selves as adventurous and care free. Another advertisement I have chosen to study that reinforces the male stereotype is an advertisement for an eau de toilette by ‘Givenchy’. This advertisement reinforces the male stereotype by showing a man in a space suit in outer space looking up beyond infinity. So as space men are looked upon as top class people who have achieved many peoples ambition to look down on the world this what he is portrayed as in the advertisement. The two advertisements reinforce gender stereotypes by showing the men as successful, and fearless. One is a business man kyaking and the other is an astronaut. For males this is how advertisements reinforce gender stereotypes. ‘Givenchy’ stereotypes Women as elegant, perfect and classy as in an advertisement for a perfume called ’Organza’. The same stereotypical role is also taken up in most other advertisements aimed at women. The woman in the advertisement for ‘Organza’ is pictured next to an enlarged picture of the bottle for the perfume. Both look similar with the curves of the body being translated into the shape of the bottle. Also the pleats in the dress are mimicked too. The background in the design is smooth and gentle showing and increasing the elegance of the woman. So this still and gentle setting is how advertisers stereotype females in advertisements. As advertising advances though advertisers are using reverse stereotyping to attract attention to their advertisement out of many. One advertisement I have studied that imposes this reverse stereotyping is an advertisement for a larger with a young woman in a snooker club leaning against a snooker table.

Regulating exploration

To evaluate the existing legal and extra-legal measures used in regulating exploration and production of crude oil in Nigeria, examining the impact of such statutory provisions like the Land Use Act of 1978 and the Nigerian Oil and Gas Content Development Act of 2010 on the industry and discussing their merits and demerits. To find out what current reforms are being planned in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry, for example, The petroleum Industrial Bill (BIB) What are your research questions?What are the applicable laws concerning Oil & Gas production/management in Nigeria? Specifically, what is the rationale behind the enactment of some statutes like the Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act 2010 by the Nigerian Government and how far are public policies biased in favor of â€Å"Indigestion and Negotiations† in the oil & gas sector in Nigeria? What are the current proposals for reforms and what are the future trends for the regulation of Oil and Gas management/production in Nigeria? What is the rationale for your study? 200 – 300 words) Include in your rationale how the research will impact on the organization I have chosen to study this particular research topic of ‘Public Policy and Regulation in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector' because it would give me a first-hand understanding of the applicable local laws and regulations pertinent to the Nigerian IL and Gas industry as well as demonstrating a good knowledge of the historical perspectives of state regulation and policies generated by governmental/public interests within the Nigerian petroleum industry.This Study will enable me to explore some of the challenges facing the Nigerian Oil Production like Kidnapping of oil industrial workers/ investors and theft of Crude oil and examine how the State is responding through its public policy and legal frameworks. It is crucial to know if those responses in legal sense are actually working to the benefit of the people or there are loop-hole s.This research will have great impartation on the Nigerian oil and Gas sector because if the study shows any gap or weakness in the applicable laws on this sector, further steps would need to be taken by the Nigerian government to enact new laws or review the existing ones in the interest of the public to bring stability and enhance the economy of Nigeria in the Oil and Gas Industry. Brief review of relevant literature (500 – 600 words) with a minimum of 6 key publications cited. Books 1 . Recuperation. S. (2009) The Political Economy of Oil and Gas in Africa-The case of Nigeria London: Rutledge.This book focuses on the Nigerian Oil and Gas industry. It critically examines the role of Africa in the contribution of Oil and Gas resources to the global energy market and provides an overview of Oil and Gas management activities in some African developing countries. Apart from Nigeria, the book also explores the petroleum production activities in Algeria, Libya, Egypt and Angola and extends its evaluation to the Gulf of Guiana to show its significance as a prolific hydrocarbon bearing zone. 2. Daniels, N Y. (2011) Nigerian Laws, Cases & Materials on Oil & Gas Loosely Baja: Institute for Oil & Gas Law.The book contains detailed Insignia's oil and gas legal system including upstream and downstream petroleum and gas operations. The work is a single compendium comprising all current Laws, Regulations, Cases and commentaries relating to the whole oil & gas industry in Nigeria. 3. Gordon, G. Paterson, J. And Assumes, E. (2011) Oil and Gas Law: Current Practice and Emerging Trends, 2nd edition, Dundee: Dundee University Press. This book widely covers a lot of issues surrounding the general management of oil and gas and its legal frame works.It includes security of petroleum resources, allocation of risks in the oil and gas industry. It details many challenges facing the exploration, production and transportation of petroleum resources including trans-national pipe lines. 4. Goad, M. (1999) Petroleum Development Contracts with Multinational Oil Firms: The Nigerian experience, Maturing: El-Lincoln Services This book specifically focuses on forms and structures of oil and gas management contracts between Nigeria and multinational oil corporations (Moons).It deeply looks into the negotiations which is characterized by contractual obligations between Nigeria seems to be at a disadvantage in comparison with the multinational oil corporations in regards to genealogy, risk capital and management skills in preparation of any legal document. The author critically explore on those significant matters such as oil and gas management control, ownership, technology transfer and issues of indigestion. He also examines the country foreign investment and its oil and gas management policies. The book principally draws on political economy writings in Economics, Politics and Law.It focuses on the question as to whether the petroleum contracts strike a balance be tween foreign exploitation and national policy objectives. Journal Articles 5. Heron, J. 2013) ‘Shell Recommits to Nigeria', Energy Journal, June. 24. The article gives an insight to the recent declaration given by Shell that it intends to remain in Nigeria. Despite several criticisms with accusations of its involvement in human- rights violations and environmental pollution coupled with the kidnapping of its employees in its 77 years of operation in Nigeria, a new investment from its Joint venture totaling $3. Billion was announced. 6. Doable, F. (2013) ‘Implications of new Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act 2010', International Law Office This study looks at the provisions of he 2010 Act and its effect on the operations of oil and gas management in Nigeria. The research focuses on the weaknesses and strength of the statutes, its criticisms and the weight of public policy in it by the government. Outline of research methodology, including Justification for cho ices The following are the methods I hope to employ in my research.Literature Review: This will involve reading books and relevant Journals on the subject of regulation in the Nigerian Petroleum industry. This will give me an insight into the historical perspective of state control and public policy decisions in the country and allow me o sample the opinions of other scholars on the topic. It will also generally allow me to compare my research work with the works of other people and make my own valuable contributions to complement existing studies.Online Research: This will involve going onto the internet to read pertinent news and articles and also extract information from the official websites of companies and government agencies operating within the oil sector in Nigeria. It will also involve an exchange of e-mails with other oil and gas law scholars/researchers. This will give me access to a large vault of useful information for my study/research. Data Collection Methods. Please provide a detailed description of the data collection method(s), study sample, covering selection, number, and if appropriate, inclusion and exclusion criteria.The participants involved in the study and the data collection methods to be used are as follows: Participant Data Collection Method Reason for choice of method Population Size Sample Size Sample Criteria Data Collection Date Former Oil & Gas law colleagues Via e-mail We've previously done many group works together in Aberdeen, Scotland 44 individuals approve 4 individuals Knowledge of Oil & Gas Law September 29th-2nd October 2013 Niger Delta community people Via-e-mail and post Reliable first-hand information can be thus obtained. 0% of the Nigerian population 10 individuals Living in the Nigerian oil-producing regions continuous Oil-Management Executives Telephone Expert information can be thus obtained from those directly involved in the oil industry 55,000 approve. 12-1 people Working in the Nigerian Oil Sector Chapter O utlines – what is going to be in each of your Dissertation chapters Chapter 1 Introduction (Note: the word counts are guidelines only) Chapter 2 Literature Review (2000 – 3000 words) Chapter 3 Methodology (1500-2000 words)

Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) - 863 Words

1.1 Introduction As the dramatically growing of economies and development of technology in the last century. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discusses the idea of corporate social responsibility. He states the relationship between society and corporations. Bowen believed that company needs to be realised the importance of ethically run the businesses are able to achieve superior performance in long run. The concept of CSR is company operate voluntarily to enhances their legal responsibility for the society, which covers many complex areas, including sustainability, charity, human rights, and environmental friendly. For example, the European commission defines CSR as â€Å"a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholder on a voluntary basis†(European Multistakeholder Forum on CSR, 2004:3). Minimize the harm and any negative impact on our environment and society to obtain sustainability by sharing responsibility between stakeholders is what CSR t rying to achieve. 1.3 Background of Corporate social responsibility The early rood ofShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholder’s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CSR has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities;Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1232 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a buzzword within the industry in the last few years. Following the financial market crash investors and stakeholders began looking at corporations to act more socially responsible. 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In spite of the fact that CSR has been neglected for quite a long time, nowadays several authors deal with this issue, as revealed by the development of theories in recent years concerning the topic. In spite of the fact that there has been a huge growth of literature it is still impossible to simply define CSR. Many definitions trying to capture the concept of CSR exist, but their content varies (MattenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmore attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. 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